- Date：2024-01-12
- Click：3504Times
The epidemiologic incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is approximately 1.6/100,000 person-years, with a median age of onset of 57.9 years. The pathomechanism of multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD) is primarily due to malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, resulting in osteolytic bone destruction-i.e., myeloma bone disease-which causes bone pain, pathologic fracture, paraplegia, and hypercalcemia, and occasionally nerve compression syndromes, and severely affects the quality of patient survival.
01
clinical manifestation
About 2/3 of MM patients visit the clinic because of bone pain, and nearly 50% of MM patients experience a pathologic fracture during the course of the disease, and it significantly affects the overall survival of the patient.20-30% of MM patients present with symptoms of hypercalcemia, such as malaise, nausea, and even apathy and coma.
02
Inspection methods
Imaging evaluation methods for the diagnosis of MBD in multiple myeloma bone disease include radiographs, CT, MRI, and PET-CT, of which the routine standard examination for diagnostic evaluation of bone disease is a whole-body radiograph; the other tests are more sensitive compared to radiographs, and can detect more osteolytic lesions.
03
therapeutic measure
Treatment of multiple myeloma bone disease includes antimyeloma drugs, bone-targeted drug therapy, local radiotherapy, surgery, and analgesic measures. In addition, patients are generally not advised to be absolutely bedridden unless in the acute stage of vertebral fracture, otherwise decalcification is more likely to occur. Patients should be encouraged to engage in appropriate activities, such as walking and swimming, but strenuous or confrontational exercises should be avoided. Patients with spinal pathology should lie on a padded hardboard bed to prevent spinal cord compression due to vertebral fracture.
04
How to prevent
1、Keep a good mindset
To develop a scientific diet as well as a good habit of regular life, when encountering anything need to maintain a positive attitude, do not be affected by negative emotions to their own lives and health is the most important. If the pressure is too high, you need to take some appropriate ways to reduce pressure to discharge the bad emotions.
2、Dietary prevention
Multiple myeloma disease will bring a lot of harm to people's health, at this time through the scientific diet can be well avoided, it is recommended to eat more high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich, easy-to-digest things. If you have renal insufficiency, you should eat low sodium, low protein and wheat starch to reduce the burden of kidney; if you have hyperuricemia and hypercalcemia, you should drink more water, and keep your daily urine output above 2,000ml to prevent or reduce hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia.
3、Keep away from harmful substances
To prevent multiple myeloma disease, we should avoid contact with cancer-causing factors, if people have contact history or suspicious symptoms, they should have regular medical checkups, and strive for early detection and timely treatment, and those who have bad physique should take part in appropriate regular activities to reduce decalcification, of course, they should also pay attention to personal hygiene to prevent infections, especially pay attention to the cleanliness of oral mucous membranes and skin, and prevent colds and flu.
4、Improve immunity
To prevent multiple myeloma disease, it is necessary to do more exercise, excessive inhibition of the body can make people's resistance low and osteoporosis, but never do strenuous exercise to prevent the load is too heavy, people also need to prevent falling and bruising.
If people are consumed by the disease for a long time, the body's immune function decreases, it is very easy to occur complications, patients should be bed rest to reduce activities.
(Contributed by Sheng Xiuyun, Department of Oncology)
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